PEMBUKTIAN MELALUI TELEVISYEN/ KAMERA LITAR TERTUTUP (CCTV) DALAM KES-KES JENAYAH: TINJAUAN UMUM BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG KETERANGAN ISLAM

EVIDENCE OBTAINED THROUGH CCTV IN CRIMINAL CASES: AN OVERVIEW FROM AN ISLAMIC LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE LAW OF EVIDENCE

Abstract

In recent years, the use of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) as evidence in criminal cases, particularly those involving Islamic Criminal Law, has become a significant topic of debate. In accordance with Section 3 of the Syariah Court Evidence Act (Federal Territories) 1997, electronic recordings, including CCTV footage, are admissible as evidence in court proceedings, including criminal cases. On July 12, 2017, the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly amended the Syariah Criminal Procedure Enactment 2002 (Amendment 2017) to allow Kelantan State Religious Authority enforcement officers to use handcuffs and allow video evidence in criminal cases, including adultery, qazaf, and other offences. This study intends to examine the use of CCTV footage as evidence in hudud, qisas, and takzir cases within the Islamic Evidence Law. It seeks to examine the applicability and relevance of CCTV as a legal proof in judicial proceedings, while highlighting the essential Standard Operating Procedures that must be followed prior to accepting it as an admissible evidence. This study explores the crucial issue of using CCTV footage as evidence in Islamic criminal law cases. By analysing the provisions of the Syariah Court Evidence Act and the Kelantan State's amendment to the Syariah Criminal Procedure Enactment, this article contributes to the academic discourse on the admissibility and reliability of CCTV evidence. In addition, this study examines the ramifications and difficulties of integrating CCTV footage within the framework of Islamic Evidence Law, shedding light on the procedures and safeguards that must be implemented to ensure its admissibility in court. This study is significant because it examines the use of CCTV footage as evidence in the context of Islamic criminal cases. It contributes to the existing body of knowledge by analysing the specific legal provisions and amendments that permit its admissibility, and it provides insights into the practical implementation and challenges associated with using CCTV footage as evidence in legal proceedings. In conclusion, this study emphasises the significance of adhering to standard operating procedures to ensure the admissibility of CCTV footage as admissible court evidence. In the end, this research contributes to the advancement of knowledge regarding the use of electronic recordings in Islamic criminal cases and informs future discussions and developments in the field.

Abstrak

Televisyen/ Kamera Litar Tertutup (Closed-Circuit Television) atau singkatannya CCTV diklasifikasikan sebagai dokumen elektronik. Sebarang rakaman elektronik, berdasarkan  tafsiran dalam Seksyen 3, Akta Keterangan Mahkamah Syariah (Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan) 1997 adalah termasuk dalam kategori dokumen dan diguna pakai sebagai salah satu kaedah pembuktian  termasuk dalam kes-kes jenayah. Pada 12 Julai 2017, satu pindaan telah diluluskan oleh Dewan Undangan Negeri Kelantan terhadap Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah 2002 (Pindaan 2017) yang memperuntukkan pegawai Penguat kuasa Agama Islam Negeri Kelantan untuk menggunakan gari terhadap suspek dan membenarkan video digunakan sebagai bahan bukti dalam perbicaraan bagi kes-kes jenayah termasuk zina, qazaf dan seumpamanya. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan pembuktian melalui CCTV dalam kes-kes jenayah Hudud, Qisas dan Takzir berdasarkan undang-undang Keterangan Islam. Perbincangan juga akan melihat sejauh manakah CCTV ini dapat dijadikan bahan bukti dan apakah Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP)  yang perlu dilalui oleh pihak tertuduh mahupun pendakwa sebelum ia diterima sebagai bahan bukti bagi mensabitkan pertuduhan yang telah dibuat di dalam mahkamah.