PARAMETER PENGELUARAN FATWA DALAM KERANGKA MAQASID SYARIAH
FATWA REGULATIONS IN LIGHT OF THE MAQASID SYARIAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol13no3.1244Keywords:
Maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, fatwa parameters, collective ijtihād, fatwa institutions, contemporary fatwas, maqāṣid al-syarīʿah, parameter fatwa, ijtihad kolektif, institusi fatwa, fatwa kontemporariAbstract
This study develops a set of fatwa-issuing parameters grounded in the framework of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah through document analysis of classical works, contemporary scholarship, and resolutions of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA). Based on the foundational principles of preserving religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property, the study identifies eight core parameters encompassing the validity of legal sources, the understanding of maqāṣid, the qualifications of the mufti, contextual and customary considerations, the balance between textual evidence and public interest (maṣlaḥah), institutional governance, social implications, and the necessity of collective ijtihād. Each parameter is examined systematically through an integration of normative and contextual approaches, taking into account technological advancement, emerging ethical concerns, and global socio-legal developments. The discussion is further supported by contemporary fatwas issued in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and leading national and international fatwa institutions, including the IIFA, the Shariah Advisory Council of the Malaysian Securities Commission (SAC), the North American Fiqh Council (NAFC), and the Indonesian National Sharia Council – Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI). These demonstrate the adaptability of the maqāṣid framework in addressing modern and complex legal issues. The findings affirm that instituting maqāṣid-based parameters in a structured manner enhances the integrity of the iftāʾ process, reduces inconsistencies in fatwa issuance, and strengthens the credibility of fatwa institutions at both national and global levels. The study subsequently recommends that these parameters be empirically tested in specialised domains such as bioethics, artificial intelligence, and financial governance to reinforce the capacity of Islamic law to confront emerging future challenges.
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini membangunkan satu set parameter pengeluaran fatwa berasaskan kerangka Maqāṣid al-Syarīʿah melalui analisis dokumen terhadap karya klasik, kajian kontemporari, dan resolusi Majmaʿ al-Fiqh al-Islāmī al-Dawlī (IIFA). Berasaskan prinsip pemeliharaan agama, nyawa, akal, keturunan, dan harta benda, kajian ini mengenal pasti lapan parameter yang merangkumi keabsahan sumber hukum, pemahaman Maqasid, kelayakan mufti, pertimbangan konteks dan adat, keseimbangan antara nas dan maslahat, tadbir urus institusi, implikasi sosial, serta keperluan ijtihad kolektif. Setiap parameter dianalisa secara sistematik melalui gabungan pendekatan normatif dan kontekstual, dengan mengambil kira perkembangan teknologi moden, persoalan etika, dan perubahan sosial global. Perbincangan turut disokong oleh fatwa kontemporari dari Malaysia, Singapura, Indonesia, dan institusi fatwa nasional serta antarabangsa termasuklah IIFA, Suruhanjaya Sekuriti Malaysia (SAC), Majlis Fatwa Amerika Utara (NAFC), dan Dewan Syariah Nasional – Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) yang menggambarkan keanjalan kerangka Maqasid dalam mendepani isu-isu kontemporari. Dapatan kajian menegaskan bahawa parameter Maqasid yang diinstitusikan secara tersusun dapat meningkatkan keutuhan proses iftā’, mengurangkan percanggahan fatwa, dan mengukuhkan kredibiliti institusi fatwa di peringkat nasional dan global. Kajian ini seterusnya mencadangkan agar parameter ini diuji dalam bidang khusus seperti bioetika, kecerdasan buatan dan tadbir urus kewangan bagi memperkukuh keupayaan Syarak menghadapi cabaran masa depan.
Downloads
References
AAOIFI. (2015). “Shari'ah standards: Full text of Shari'ah standards for Islamic financial institutions as at Safar 1437 A.H. – December 2015 A.D”. AAOIFI. https://aaoifi.com/shariaa-standards/?lang=en
AAOIFI. (2025). “AAOIFI issues six exposure drafts of the governance standards in Arabic”. AAOIFI. https://aaoifi.com/announcement/aaoifi-issues-six-exposure-drafts-of-the-governance-standards-in-arabic/?lang=en
Abdelhak, B., & Abderrezzak, B. (2024). Analytical study of the implementation of AAOIFI’s ethical standards in the Algerian Islamic banking system: Assessment and recommendations. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 16(1), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.55188/ijif.v16i1.601
Abu Zuhrah, M. (1989). Uṣūl al-fiqh. Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi.
Admin MUI. (2024). “Apa hukum pinjol menurut Islam? Begini penjelasan fatwa MUI”. Majelis Ulama Indonesia. https://mui.or.id/baca/berita/apa-hukum-pinjol-menurut-islam-begini-penjelasan-fatwa-mui
Ahmad al-Raisūnī, A. A. S. (1992). Naẓariyyah al-maqāṣid ʿinda al-Imām al-Shāṭibī. The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Ahmad, I.-A.-D. (2014). Shuratic Iftā’: The challenge of fatwa collectivization. In Z. A. Shah (Ed.), Iftā’ and fatwa in the Muslim world and the West (pp. 28–45). The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Al Ikhlas, Yusdian, D., Alfurqan, Murniyetti, & Nurjanah. (2021). The concept of Maqasid al-Shariah as an instrument of ijtihad according to Imam al-Shatibi in al-Muwafaqat fi Ushuli Al-Shariah. Media Syari'ah: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial, 23(2), 206–219. https://doi.org/10.22373/jms.v23i2.10138
Al Jufri, K. A., Awang, M. S., & Mochammad Sahid, M. (2021). Maqasid Syariah menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan aplikasinya dalam penyusunan undang-undang Islam di Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 9(2), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol9no2.315
al-Bakri, Z. M. (2014). Maqasid al-Syariah (1st ed.). Pustaka Cahaya Kasturi Sdn. Bhd.
al-Ghazālī, M. M. (2015). al-Mustaṣfā min ʿIlmi al-Uṣūl (M. S. al-Ashqar, Ed.; Vol. 1, 1st ed.). Mu’asasah ar-Risalah.
Alias, M. N., Abdullah, M. N., Kamis, M. S., Afandi, A. J., & Alias, N. (2024). Scientific approach as the basis for the formation of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah concept and principles: A comparative study. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 12(2), 350–363. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no2.568
al-ʿIz Ibn Abd Salam, A. A. A. S. (2020a). Qawāʿid al-aḥkām fī iṣlāh al-anām (N. K. Hammad & O. J. Dumairiyyah, Eds.; Vol. 1, 6th ed.). Dar al-Qalam.
al-ʿIz Ibn Abd Salam, A. A. A. S. (2020b). Qawāʿid al-aḥkām fī iṣlāh al-anām (N. K. Hammad & O. J. Dumairiyyah, Eds.; Vol. 2, 6th ed.). Dar al-Qalam.
al-Juwaynī, A. M. A. (1979). al-Burhān fī uṣūl al-fiqh (A. A. al-Dib, Ed.; Vol. 2, 2nd ed.). Dar al-Ansar.
al-Khādīmī, N. M. (1998). Al-ijtihād al-maqāṣidī: Ḥujjiyyatuhu, Ḍawābiṭuhu, Majālātuhu (Vol. 2). Riʾāsat al-Maḥākim al-Sharʿiyyah wa al-Shuʾūn al-Dīniyyah.
al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, A. A. (2008). al-Faqīh wal-mutafaqqih (A. Y. al-Gharazi, Ed.; 1st ed.). Dar Ibn Hazm.
al-Nawawī, Y. S. (2020). Muqaddimah al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab (M. A. al-Muhaimid, Ed.; 1st ed.). Arwiqah.
al-Qahtani, M. A. (2011). Understanding Maqasid al-Shari’ah: A contemporary perspective. International Institute of Islamic Thought.
al-Qaraḍāwī, Y. A. (1988). al-Fatwā bayna al-inḍibāṭ wat-tasayyub (1st ed.). Dar al-Sahwah.
al-Qaraḍāwī, Y. A. (1999). Fī fiqh al-awlawiyyāt: Dirāsah jadīdah fī ḍaw'i al-Qur'ān was-Sunnah (1st ed.). al-Maktab al-Islami.
al-Qarāfī, A. I. (2001). al-Furūq (M. A. Sarraj & A. J. Muhammad, Eds.; Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Dar al-Salam.
al-Qarāfī, A. I. (2009). al-Iḥkām fī tamyīz al-fatāwā ʿan al-aḥkām wa-taṣarrufāt al-qāḍī wal-imām (A. F. Abu Ghudah, Ed.; 4th ed.). Dar al-Basha’ir al-Islamiyyah.
al-Raisūnī, A. A. S. (1992). Naẓariyyah al-maqāṣid ʿinda al-Imām al-Shāṭibī (2nd ed.). The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
al-Ramo, R. H. A. (2022). Effect of the Objectives of Shariah in directing fatwa: Selected jurisprudence models. Researcher Journal for Islamic Sciences, 1(1), 36–61. https://doi.org/10.37940/RJIS.2022.1.1.2
Alsayyed, N. (2009). “Shari’ah board, the task of fatwa, and ijtihad in Islamic economics and finance”. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20204/
al-Shaibān, U. M. (2017). Ḍawābiṭ al-fatwā fī ḍaw'i al-maqāṣid al-sharʿiyyah (1st ed.). Dar Kunuz Ishbiliya.
al-Shāṭibī, I. M. (1997a). al-Muwāfaqāt (M. H. A. Sulaiman, Ed.; Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Dar Ibn Affan.
al-Shāṭibī, I. M. (1997b). al-Muwāfaqāt (M. H. A. Sulaiman, Ed.; Vol. 5, 1st ed.). Dar Ibn Affan.
al-Zarqā, M. A. (2014). Introduction to Islamic jurisprudence (M. A. al-Muhsin et al., Trans.; A. Ismail & A. Z. Salleh, Eds.; 1st ed.). Kuala Lumpur.
Asni, F., & Sulong, J. (2021). The mura’ah al-khilaf and ma’alat method in fatwa decisions: Its application for fatwa coordination related to conditional hibah in Malaysia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 14(4), 641–654.
Attia, G. E. (2007). Naḥwah tafʿīl maqāṣid al-sharīʿah: Towards realization of the higher intents of Islamic law: Maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, a functional approach (N. Roberts, Trans.). The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Auda, J. (2008). Maqāṣid al-sharīʿah as philosophy of Islamic law: A systems approach. The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Azhar, A., Hussain, M. A., Md. Nor, M. Z., & Othman, M. K. (2017). Penyelidikan fatwa dalam kerangka Maqasid al-Syariah: Satu tinjauan. Ulum Islamiyyah, 20, 47–65. https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol20no0.40
Azmi, M. A., & Jusoh, A. F. (2024). Integrasi ijtihād jamā’ī (kolektif) dalam institusi-institusi fatwa. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law, 9(2), 52–63.
Bahari, N. (2020, November 24–25). Pemakaian elemen Maqasid Shariah dalam institusi fatwa di Malaysia. Persidangan Antarabangsa Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan ke-5 (PASAK5 2020), Online.
Bahari, N. I., & Buang, A. H. (2016). Penggunaan Maqasid al-Syari‘ah dalam fatwa muamalat di Malaysia: Kajian literatur. Journal of Shariah Law Research, 1(1), 1–18.
Bahmid, A. A., & Husaini, A. (2023). Tinjauan maqasid syariah perspektif Ibnu Taimiyyah terhadap Fatwa Majlis Ulama No. 02/MUNAS-VIII/MUI/2020 tentang nikah wisata. Al-Mada: Jurnal Agama, Sosial, dan Budaya, 6(3), 440–454.
Banānī, A. K. M. (2017). al-Fatwā: Bayna al-binā' al-maqāṣidī wa al-tanzīl al-maṣlaḥī (1st ed.). Dar al-Kalimah.
Bhari, A. (2016). Analisis fatwa zakat di Malaysia dari perspektif Maqasid Syariah (Master’s thesis, Universiti Malaya).
Bhari, A., Abdullah, L., Yaakob, M. A. Z., Khalid, M. M., & Yusof, M. F. M. (2019). Analisis literatur kajian zakat dan Maqasid Syariah. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 17(2), 235–264.
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Devi, A., & Hamid, B. A. (2024). Challenges and obstacles in the standardization and harmonization of fatwa in Islamic finance industry and way forward. Ekonomi Islam Indonesia, 6(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.58968/eii.v6i1.494
El-Wereny, M. (2017). The objectives of Sharia between tradition and modernity: A comparative study. The Journal of Islamic Studies & Culture, 5(1), 33–45.
Fauzi, F. (2024). ‘Urf and its role in the development of fiqh: Comparative study of family law between Egypt and Indonesia. El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 7(1), 346–371.
Fisol, W. N. M., Radzi, N. Z. M., & Othman, Y. (2017). The engineering of Islamic legal opinion (ijtihad) on the Maqasid al-Shari‘ah development in the assessment of Islamic financial products. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4), 945–956. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i4/2904
FNCA. (2021). “On organ donation and transplantation”. https://fiqhcouncil.org/on-organ-donation-and-transplantation/
Ghazali, M. R. (2018). Kepentingan maqasid syariah dalam berfatwa di Malaysia. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 4(1), 7–32. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol4no1.92
Güney, N. (2024). Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘a in Islamic finance: A critical analysis of modern discourses. Religions, 15(1), 114.
Hakim, A., Ahmad, R., & Jaafar, S. M. J. S. (2023). Pendekatan fatwa Majlis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) dalam isu perkahwinan beza agama di Indonesia dari perspektif Maqasid al-Shari'ah. Al-Basirah, 13(2), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.22452/basirah.vol13no2.2
Haq, H. (2017). Maqāṣid ash-Sharī‘ah wa ahamīyatuhā fī al-ijtihād. Journal of Islamic Family Law, 1(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.30762/mh.v1i2.458
Harun, M. S., Ali, A. K., & Syahir, A. N. A. (2024). The influence of the Shafie school on fatwa methodologies in Malaysia: Toward the unity of Ummah’s objective. Mazahib, 23(1), 351–390. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v23i1.7620
Hasanuddin, I., & Muda, T. S. T. (2024). Hubungan Maqasid Syariah, Usul Fiqh & Qawaed Fiqhiyyah dalam penetapan hukum fekah semasa: Analisis beberapa pandangan hukum dan fatwa terpilih dalam isu-isu halal. International Journal of Humanities Technology and Civilization, 9(2), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijhtc.v9i2.11664
Hassan, O. M. (2023). The change of time and place and its impact on the change of fatwa: Contemporary applied study. Russian Law Journal, 11(8), 77–92.
Ibn Abd al-Bār, Y. A. (1994). Jāmiʿ bayān al-ʿilmi wa-faḍlihi (A. A. Al-Zuhairi, Ed.; Vol. 2, 1st ed.). Dar Ibn Jawzi.
Ibn ʿAbidīn, M. A. (2003). Radd al-Muhtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār (A. A. A. Mawjud & A. M. Muawwad, Eds.; Special ed., Vol. 8). Dar Alimul Kutub.
Ibn ʿAbidīn, M. A. (2020a). Nashr al-ʿUrf fī Binā' Baʿdu al-Aḥkām ʿalā al-ʿUrf (S. M. Abu al-Hajj, Ed.; 1st ed.). Markaz Anwar al-Ulama lil-Dirasat.
Ibn ʿAbidīn, M. A. (2020b). ʿUqūd Rasmi al-Muftī (S. M. Abu al-Hajj, Ed.; 1st ed.). Markaz Anwar al-Ulama lil-Dirasat.
Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, M. A. B. (2019). Iʿlām al-Muwaqqiʿīn ʿan Rabb al-ʿĀlamīn (M. U. Shams & J. H. al-Sayyid, Eds.; 2nd ed., Vol. 5). Dar ʿAta’at al-ʿIlm.
Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ, O. A. R. (1986). Adab al-Muftī wal-Mustaftī (M. A. A. Kadir, Ed.; 1st ed.). Maktabah al-Ulum wal-Hikam.
Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī, A. M. (1982). al-Inṣāf fī al-Tanbīh ʿalā al-Maʿānī wa al-Asbāb allatī Awjabat al-Ikhtilāf (M. R. al-Dāyah, Ed.; 2nd ed.). Dar al-Fikr.
Ibn ʿĀshūr, M. T. (2016). Maqāṣid ash-Sharīʿah al-Islāmiyyah (M. al-Zuhaili, Ed.; 1st ed.). Dar al-Qalam.
Ibn Manẓūr, M. M. (1993). Lisān al-ʿArab (3rd ed., Vol. 7). Dar al-Sadir.
Ibn Nujaym, Z. I. (1999). al-Ashbāh wa an-Naẓā'ir ʿalā Madhhab Abi Hanīfah an-Nuʿmān (Z. al-Umairat, Ed.; 1st ed.). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiah.
Ibrahim, B., Arifin, M., & Abd Rashid, S. Z. (2015). The role of fatwa and mufti in contemporary Muslim society. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 23(Special), 315–326.
Ibrahim, I. (2021). “Ijtihad jama’i atau ijtihad kolektif: Pengertian, syarat dan prosedur”. https://muhammadiyah.or.id/2021/10/ijtihad-jamai-atau-ijtihad-kolektif-pengertian-syarat-dan-prosedur/
Ibrahim, M. Y. (2013). Fiqh an-Nawāzil lil-Aqaliyyāt al-Muslimah: Ta'ṣīlan wa-Taṭbīqan (1st ed., Vol. 1). Dar al-Yusr.
Ibrahim, Y. S. (2014). An examination of the modern discourse on Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘a. The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 5(1), 39–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2014.882676
International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA). (2023). “Resolution No. 240 (2/25) concerning the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on rulings of worship, family, and crimes”. https://iifa-aifi.org/en/49690.html
International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA). (2024a). Resolution No. 104 (7/11) – Ways of making use of nawāzil (fatāwā). In Resolutions and recommendations of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (pp. 216–217). International Islamic Fiqh Academy.
International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA). (2024b). Resolution No. 153 (2/17) – Iftā: Requirements and ethics. In Resolutions and recommendations of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (3rd ed., pp. 349–351). International Islamic Fiqh Academy.
International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA). (2024c). Resolution No. 167 (5/18) – Maqāṣid and their role in deriving Shariah rulings. In Resolutions and recommendations of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (pp. 390–391). International Islamic Fiqh Academy.
Ishak, M. S. I. (2018). The principle of considering ma’alat in Islamic rules: Do ends justify means? International Journal of Islamic Thought, 14, 52–59. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.14.2018.005
Ishak, M. S. I., & Nasir, N. S. (2021). Maqasid al-Shari’ah in Islamic finance: Harmonizing theory and reality. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 18(1), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.v18i1.334
Ismail, A. M., & Baharuddin, A. S. (2021). Prinsip ketelitian dalam pengeluaran fatwa. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 26(2), 360–367.
Ismail, A. M., & Baharuddin, A. S. (2022). Moderation in fatwas and ijtihad: An analysis of fatwas issued by the MKI Malaysia concerning the Covid-19 pandemic. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 22(1), 111–136. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v22i1.22299
Ismail, A. M., & Baharuddin, A. S. (2023). Prinsip keanjalan fatwa menurut perspektif syarak: The principle of flexibility of fatwa according to Syarak’s perspective. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 28(3), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol.28no3.558
Ismail, A. M., Baharuddin, A. S., & Ahmad, M. H. (2023). COVID-19: Analysing the principle and application of iʿtibār ma’ālāt in the selected fatwas issued by the Malaysian National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs (MKI). Intellectual Discourse, 31(1), 233–256. https://doi.org/10.31436/id.v31i1.1779
Ismail, A. M., Subri, I. M., Baharuddin, A. S., Rahman, A. A., & Rosidi, M. H. (2025). The role of Maqasid al-Shariah in contemporary fatwa formulation: A balanced approach. al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 33(7), 85–110.
Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia. (2017). “Garis panduan pengeluaran fatwa di Malaysia”. https://i-fiqh.islam.gov.my/img/upload/lampiran//16075_1663657655.pdf
Jalāluddin al-Suyūṭī, A. R. A. B. (2013). al-Ashbāh wa an-Naẓā'ir fī Qawāʿid wa-Furūʿ ash-Shāfiʿiyyah (M. M. Tamir & H. A. Hafiz, Eds.; 6th ed., Vol. 1). Dar al-Salam.
Jalāluddin al-Suyūṭī, A. R. A. B. (2021). al-Radd ʿalā man akhlada ilā al-arḍi wa-jahala anna al-ijtihād fī kulli ʿaṣr farḍ (A. H. al-ʿUnais, Ed.; 1st ed.). Da’irah al-Shu’un al-Islamiyyah wal-Amal al-Khair.
Jamaludin, M. H., Pauzi, N., Syed Jaafar, S. M. J., & Daud, M. (2023). Pemikiran ulama muta’akhkhirin berhubung pengamalan konsep talfiq dalam penyelesaian hukum syarak. Afkar: Jurnal Akidah dan Pemikiran Islam, 25(2), 323–352. https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol25no2.10
Kadir, M. N. A. (2023). Maqasid Syariah: Panduan memahami tujuan syariat. Telaga Biru Sdn. Bhd.
Kamali, M. H. (1999). Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah: The objectives of Islamic law. Islamic Studies, 38(2), 193–208.
Kamali, M. H. (2011). Maqasid al-Shari'ah and ijtihad as instruments of civilisational renewal: A methodological perspective. ICR Journal, 2(2), 245–271. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v2i2.647
Kamali, M. H. (2012). Maqasid al-Shari’ah: Ijtihad and civilization renewal. The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Kamali, M. H. (2021). History and jurisprudence of the Maqāṣid: A critical appraisal. American Journal of Islam and Society, 38(3–4), 8–34. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v38i3-4.3110
Kamali, M. H. (2021). Shariah and the halal industry. Oxford University Press.
Kazemi-Moussavi, A., & Mavani, H. (2024). Islamic legal methodology: A new perspective on usul al-fiqh. International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W., Anas, W. N. I. W. N., Embong, A. H., Hassan, S. A., Hanapi, M. S., & Ismail, D. (2019). Ethics of mufti in the declaration of fatwa according to Islam. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 22(5), 1–6.
Khasani, F. (2022). Fatwa phenomenon in the digital age: From concept analysis to problem solving. Al-ʿAdalah: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Islam, 7(1), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.31538/adlh.v7i1.1755
Laluddin, H. (2015). Maslahah’s role as an instrument for revival of ijtihad. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 8, 27–34. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.8.2015.004
Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura. (2024). From lab to table: Novel food from an Islamic perspective (Office of the Mufti, Ed.; 1st ed.). Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS).
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
Mohamad, N. M., Ibrahim, B., & Asni, F. (2025). Analisis Maqāṣid Syarī‘ah terhadap penentuan fatwa berkaitan alkohol dalam pemakanan di Malaysia. Jamalullail Journal, 4(1), 21–36.
Mohamed Adil, M. A. (2015). Standardisation of fatwa in Malaysia: Issues, concerns and expectations. ICR Journal, 6(2), 196–211. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v6i2.331
Mohd Shah, M. F., & Abdul Rahman, N. N. (2018). Kepentingan kaedah penyelidikan moden dalam fatwa semasa. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 4(1), 67–90. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol4no1.95
Mokhtar, A. W. (2014). Fatāwā al-Imām al-Nawawī al-murāʿiyah li-maqṣid ḥifẓ al-dīn. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 3(1), 155–178. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol3no1.113
Muda, Z., Omar, N., Rajid, Z. Z., Ramlee, N., & Kurniawan, C. S. (2024). Comprehensive fatwa development based on Maqasid Shariah: A study in Brunei Darussalam. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(4), 866–875. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i4/21206
Muhammad al-Zuḥaili, M. M. (2006a). Al-qawāʿid al-fiqhiyyah wa taṭbīqātuhā fī al-madhāhib al-arbaʿah (1st ed., Vol. 1). Dar al-Fikr.
Muhammad al-Zuḥaili, M. M. (2006b). al-Wajīz fī uṣūl al-fiqh al-islāmī (2nd ed., Vol. 1). Dar al-Khair.
Muslim, M. A. H. (2016). Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (Y. Hasan, I. Dhallī, & A.-T. Imad, Eds.; 2nd ed.). Mu’asasat al-Nasyirun.
Mustapha, A., Engku Ali, E. M. T., & Khaidzir Saadan, M. K. (2019). Kepentingan Maqasid Shari'ah dalam keputusan Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia. Journal of Muwafaqat, 2(1), 132–150.
Mustar, S., & Muhamad, N. H. N. (2014). Maqasid Shari'ah dalam pewarisan harta: Analisis terhadap amalan penamaan insurans di Singapura. Sains Humanika, 2(1), 87-94.
Muwafiq al-Din Ibn Qudamah, A. A. (1998). Rauḍah an-Nāẓir wa-Jannah al-Manāẓir (S. M. Ismail, Ed.; 2nd ed., Vol. 2). al-Maktabah al-Makkiyah.
Naqiuddin, W. A. (2020). “Bayan Linnas Siri Ke-225: Covid-19: Fatwa-fatwa terkini berkaitan penangguhan solat Jumaat dan solat berjemaah”. https://www.muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/bayan-linnas/4338-bayan-linnas-siri-ke-225-covid-19-fatwa-fatwa-terkini-berkaitan-penangguhan-solat-jumaat-dan-solat-berjemaah
Nurcholis, M. (2021). Fikih Maqāṣidi dalam fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia tentang penggunaan vaksin Covid-19 produk AstraZeneca. Tribakti: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman, 32(2), 315–332. https://doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v32i2.1741
Othman, H. S. (2024). Collective ijtihad: Regulating fatwa in postnormal times. Herndon.
Padela, A. I., & Auda, J. (2020). The moral status of organ donation and transplantation within Islamic law: The Fiqh Council of North America's position. Transplant Direct, 6(3), e536. https://doi.org/10.1097/txd.0000000000000980
Pasuni, A. (2022). Singapore’s state fatwas. In S. M. K. Aljunied (Ed.), Routledge handbook of Islam in Southeast Asia (1st ed., pp. 382–402). Routledge.
Qutb al-Raisūnī, Q. (2014). Ṣināʿah al-fatwā fī al-qaḍāyā al-muʿāṣirah (1st ed.). Dar Ibn Hazm.
Rachmadhani, F., Mochammad Sahid, M., & Mokhtar, A. W. (2022). Implementation of the Islamic law transformation’s rule (taghayyur ahkām) during Covid-19 pandemic in the perspective of Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah in Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 10(1), 108–117. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol10no1.345
Ramli, S. (2024, February 4). “Jangan terburu-buru keluar fatwa mengenai daging kultur”. Utusan Malaysia. https://www.utusan.com.my/berita/2024/02/jangan-terburu-buru-keluar-fatwa-mengenai-daging-kultur/
Rashed, Z. (2023). Evidence for the consideration of custom. International Journal of Advanced Research on Law and Governance, 5(1), 87–98.
Reza, O., Islamia, P. N., & Zahir, R. (2025). The urgency of maqāṣid syariah in the determination of Islamic economic fatwa by DSN-MUI. Al-Wadh’iyyah: Journal of Sharia Law and Legal Studies, 1(1), 1–9.
Roslan, M. M., & Zainuri, A. O. (2022). Garis panduan terhadap penerapan Maqasid Syariah dalam fatwa: Analisis ijtihad maqasidi. Al-Takamul Al-Maʿrifi, 5(2), 51–61.
Roslan, M. M., & Zainuri, A. O. (2023). Kekhilafan menerapkan Maqasid Syariʻah dalam pengeluaran fatwa: Analisis ijtihad maqasidi. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 28(1), 132–148. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol28no1.464
Rosli, S. M. (2024, February 4). “Tidak perlu terburu-buru keluar fatwa hukum makan daging kultur”. Sinar Harian. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/647882/berita/nasional/tidak-perlu-terburu-buru-keluar-fatwa-hukum-makan-daging-kultur
Safdar, M. (2025). “The role of AAOIFI in standardizing Sharīʿah governance practices globally”. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5251190
Salsabila, Y., & Putri, J. (2025). Fintech P2P lending dalam pandangan Islam. Equivalent: Journal of Economic, Accounting and Management, 3(2), 729–743.
Shamsuddin, S. S. S., & Ismail, A. M. (2018). Pendekatan ijtihad jama‘i dalam pengharmonisasian ikhtilaf fuqaha. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 12(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol12no1.4
Skovgaard-Petersen, J. (1997). Defining Islam for the Egyptian state: Muftis and fatwas of the Dār al-Iftā. Brill.
Soualhi, Y. (2008). The question of methodology in the science of Maqasid al-Shari‘ah (Objectives of Islamic Law). The International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review, 5(11), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/CGP/v05i11/42282
Suleiman, H. (2022). Fiqh al-ma’alat: An analysis of its origin, subsidiary and application. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 10(2), 26–37.
Supri, S., & Hafini, M. (2022). The penutupan sementara masjid, surau, balai ibadat dan pembukaan tempat awam lainnya: Analisis Maqasid Syariah dalam fatwa dan irsyad hukum Negara Brunei Darussalam. Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 23(2), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2022.23.2.632
Suroya, N. (2022). Perspektif Maqasid Syari'ah terhadap fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 tentang nikah di bawah tangan. JATISWARA, 37(2), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.29303/jtsw.v37i2.401
Suruhanjaya Sekuriti. (2021). “Senarai sekuriti patuh Syariah”. https://www.sc.com.my/bm/api/documentms/download.ashx?id=6267ac43-c847-4c20-9d36-a5d05639c4c8
Suruhanjaya Sekuriti. (2024). “Guidelines on digital assets – SC-GL/1-2020 (R3-2024)”. https://www.sc.com.my/api/documentms/download.ashx?id=ae96213d-e71b-4682-8ac6-127a6da558ea
Suruhanjaya Sekuriti. (2025). “Shariah-compliant securities screening methodology”. https://www.sc.com.my/development/icm/shariah-compliant-securities/shariah-compliant-securities-screening-methodology
Syafei, Z. (2017). Tracing Maqasid al-Shari‘ah in the fatwas of Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI). Journal of Indonesian Islam, 11(1), 99–124. https://doi.org/10.15642/jiis.2017.11.1.99-124
Tājuddin al-Subkī, A. W. A. (2004). al-Ibhāj fī sharḥ al-Minhāj (A. J. al-Zamzami & N. A. J. Saghiri, Eds.; 1st ed., Vol. 7). Dar al-Buhuth lil-Dirasat al-Islamiyyah wa-Ihya’ al-Turath.
Tājuddin al-Subkī, A. W. A. (2011). Jamʿu al-jawāmiʿ fī ʿilmi uṣūl al-fiqh (A. Husain, Ed.; 1st ed.). Dar Ibn Hazm.
Taqiyuddin al-Subkī, A. A. K. (2004). al-Ibhāj fī sharḥ al-Minhāj (A. J. al-Zamzami & N. A. J. Saghiri, Eds.; 1st ed., Vol. 2). Dar al-Buhuth lil-Dirasat al-Islamiyyah wa-Ihya’ al-Turath.
Wahbah al-Zuḥaili, W. M. (2013). Uṣūl al-fiqh al-Islāmī (20th ed., Vol. 2). Dar al-Fikr.
Wahid, M. I. (2020). Rumah Fiqih Indonesia: Challenging the fatwa shopping. Misykat Al-Anwar: Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Masyarakat, 3(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.24853/ma.3.1.35-50
Wahid, S. H. (2024). Research insights on online fatwas: A comprehensive systematic literature review. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 29(1), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol29no1.570
Wan Hassan, W. Z., Abdullah, N., Muslim, N., & Alias, J. (2018). Aplikasi Maqasid Syariah dalam fatwa berkaitan penggunaan rokok elektronik dan shisha di Malaysia. Sains Insani, 3(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol3no1.20
Zainudin, U. M., Jaapar, N., Ismail, F. A., Jaapar, G., & Husiin, H. (2023). Thematic analysis of research studies on Maqasid Shariah and mental health. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 28(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol28no1.505
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Manan Ismail, Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
