A REVIEW ON DECISION PROTOCOL AND FATWA IN MALAYSIA DISCUSSING ISSUE OF WITHHOLDING AND WITHDRAWAL OF LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Muhamad Rafiqi Hehsan; Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri

doi:10.33102/mjsl.vol9no2.296

Authors

Muhamad Rafiqi Hehsan USIM
Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol9no2.296

Keywords:

withholding, withdrawal, protocol, fatwa, Malaysia

Abstract

Withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments is one of the hot topics discussing in intensive care unit as most of the death occurs as a result of it. This point of transition from active intervention to the palliation process required a crucial decision-making process. The decision conveys information to families to be well prepared beforehand especially during the process of withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Once the final decision to withdraw the treatment has been made, procedure of cessation of care, treatment withdrawal and nature of follow-up support will be informed to the family members. This article aims to explore the relationship between decision in withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment based on Malaysian intensive care unit protocol and the related fatwa in Malaysia. The methodology chosen for this study is content analysis of the relevant published literatures. This study reveals the decision for withholding and withdrawal life sustaining treatment in intensive care unit has correlation between the protocol and related fatwa in Malaysia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Althabe, M., Cardigni, G., Vassallo, J. C., Allende, D., Berrueta, M., Codermatz, M., Córdoba, J., Castellano, S., Jabornisky, R., Marrone, Y., Orsi, M. C., Rodriguez, G., Varón, J., Schnitzler, E., Tamusch, H., Torres, J. M., & Vega, L. (2003). Dying in the intensive care unit: collaborative multicenter study about forgoing life-sustaining treatment in Argentine pediatric intensive care units. Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 4(2), 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pcc.0000059428.08927.a9

Asch, D. A., Hansen-Flaschen, J., & Lanken, P. N. (1995). Decisions to limit or continue life-sustaining treatment by critical care physicians in the United States: conflicts between physicians' practices and patients' wishes. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 151(2 Pt 1), 288–292. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.151.2.7842181

Azoulay, E., Pochard, F., Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Moreau, D., Montesino, L., Adrie, C., de Lassence, A., Cohen, Y., Timsit, J. F., & Outcomerea Study Group (2003). Decisions to forgo life sustaining therapy in ICU patients independently predict hospital death. Intensive care medicine, 29(11), 1895–1901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-003-1989-3

Beck, S., van de Loo, A., & Reiter-Theil, S. (2008). A "little bit illegal"? Withholding and withdrawing of mechanical ventilation in the eyes of German intensive care physicians. Medicine, health care, and philosophy, 11(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-007-9097-8

Breen, C. M., Abernethy, A. P., Abbott, K. H., & Tulsky, J. A. (2001). Conflict associated with decisions to limit life-sustaining treatment in intensive care units. Journal of general internal medicine, 16(5), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.00419.x

Brieva, J. L., Cooray, P., & Rowley, M. (2009). Withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies in intensive care: an Australian experience. Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine, 11(4), 266–268.

Cardoso, T., Fonseca, T., Pereira, S., & Lencastre, L. (2003). Life-sustaining treatment decisions in Portuguese intensive care units: a national survey of intensive care physicians. Critical care (London, England), 7(6), R167–R175. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc2384

Cohen, S., Sprung, C., Sjokvist, P., Lippert, A., Ricou, B., Baras, M., Hovilehto, S., Maia, P., Phelan, D., Reinhart, K., Werdan, K., Bulow, H. H., & Woodcock, T. (2005). Communication of end of-life decisions in European intensive care units. Intensive care medicine, 31(9), 1215–1221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2742-x

Curtis, J. R., Patrick, D. L., Shannon, S. E., Treece, P. D., Engelberg, R. A., & Rubenfeld, G. D. (2001). The family conference as a focus to improve communication about end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: opportunities for improvement. Critical care medicine, 29(2 Suppl), N26–N33. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200102001-00006

Devictor, D. J., & Nguyen, D. T. (2004). Forgoing life-sustaining treatments in children: a comparison between Northern and Southern European pediatric intensive care units. Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 5(3), 211–215. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PCC.0000123553.22405.E3

Devictor, D. J., Nguyen, D. T., & Groupe Francophone de Réanimation et d'Urgences Pédiatriques (2001). Forgoing life-sustaining treatments: how the decision is made in French pediatric intensive care units. Critical care medicine, 29(7), 1356–1359. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200107000-00010

Diringer, M. N., Edwards, D. F., Aiyagari, V., & Hollingsworth, H. (2001). Factors associated with withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in a neurology/neurosurgery intensive care unit. Critical care medicine, 29(9), 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200109000-00023

Eidelman, L. A., Jakobson, D. J., Pizov, R., Geber, D., Leibovitz, L., & Sprung, C. L. (1998). Foregoing life-sustaining treatment in an Israeli ICU. Intensive care medicine, 24(2), 162–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001340050539

Ferrand, E., Robert, R., Ingrand, P., Lemaire, F., & French LATAREA Group (2001). Withholding and withdrawal of life support in intensive-care units in France: a prospective survey. French LATAREA Group. Lancet (London, England), 357(9249), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03564-9

Ho, K. M., & Liang, J. (2004). Withholding and withdrawal of therapy in New Zealand intensive care units (ICUs): a survey of clinical directors. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 32(6), 781–786. https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X0403200609

Hoel, H., Skjaker, S. A., Haagensen, R., & Stavem, K. (2014). Decisions to withhold or withdraw life sustaining treatment in a Norwegian intensive care unit. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 58(3), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12246

Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia. (2011). Hukum Eutanasia atau Mercy Killing. Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia. http://e-smaf.islam.gov.my/e-smaf/index.php/main/mainv1/fatwa/pr/10289

Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Terengganu. (2018). Isu-Isu Etika Dan Hukum Berkaitan Penjagaan Akhir Hayat (End Of Life Care) Dalam Konteks Di Malaysia. http://e-smaf.islam.gov.my/e-smaf/fatwa/fatwa/find/pr/16010

Jawatankuasa Fatwa Selangor. (2012). Hukum Eutanasia Mercy Killing. Jabatan Mufti Negeri Selangor. https://www.muftiselangor.gov.my/awam/fatwa/fatwa-terkini/217-hukum-eutanasia-mercy-killing

Jawatankuasa Perundingan Hukum Syarak Wilayah Persekutuan. (2019). Kajian Berkenaan Isu-Isu Etika Dan Hukum Berkaitan Penjagaan Akhir Hayat (End Of Life Care) Dalam Konteks Di Malaysia. https://efatwa.muftiwp.gov.my/fatwa/3a6b4ed28d24ce813bd101461535ee65?

Jox, R. J., Krebs, M., Fegg, M., Reiter-Theil, S., Frey, L., Eisenmenger, W., & Borasio, G. D. (2010). Limiting life-sustaining treatment in German intensive care units: a multiprofessional survey. Journal of critical care, 25(3), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2009.06.012

Kassim, P. N., & Adeniyi, O. B. (2010). Withdrawing and withholding medical treatment: a comparative study between the Malaysian, English and Islamic law. Medicine and law, 29(3), 443–461.

Lantos, J. D., Tyson, J. E., Allen, A., Frader, J., Hack, M., Korones, S., Merenstein, G., Paneth, N., Poland, R. L., & Saigal, S. (1994). Withholding and withdrawing life sustaining treatment in neonatal intensive care: issues for the 1990s. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition, 71(3), F218–F223. https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.71.3.f218

Lembaga Fatwa Negeri Sarawak. (2014). Eutanasia Atau Mercy Killing. Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia. http://e-smaf.islam.gov.my/e-smaf/fatwa/fatwa/find/pr/16011

Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologist. (2004). Consensus On Withdrawal And Withholding Of Life Support In the Critically Ill. http://www.msa.net.my/newsmaster.cfm?&menuid=21&action=view&retrieveid=23#ConsensusOnWithdrawalAndWithholdingOfLifeSupportIntheCriticallyIll

Malaysian Society of Intensive Care. (2019). ICU Management Protocol. Malaysia, Malaysian Society of Intensive Care (MSIC) In Collaboration with Ministry Of Health Malaysia. https://www.msic.org.my/download/ICU_Protocol_Management.pdf

Medical Development Division. (2005) Clinical Practice Guidelines. 2005. Withholding And Withdrawing Of Life Support In Children. Ministry of Health Malaysia. https://mpaeds.my/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Withholding-and-Withdrawing-of-Life- Support-in-Children.pdf

Prendergast, T. J., & Luce, J. M. (1997). Increasing incidence of withholding and withdrawal of life support from the critically ill. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 155(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001282

Vincent J. L. (2001). Cultural differences in end-of-life care. Critical care medicine, 29(2 Suppl), N52 N55. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200102001-00010

Wilkinson, D. J., & Savulescu, J. (2011). Knowing when to stop: futility in the ICU. Current opinion in anaesthesiology, 24(2), 160–165. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0b013e328343c5af

Wood, G. G., & Martin, E. (1995). Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining therapy in a Canadian intensive care unit. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 42(3), 186–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03010673

Wunsch, H., Harrison, D. A., Harvey, S., & Rowan, K. (2005). End-of-life decisions: a cohort study of the withdrawal of all active treatment in intensive care units in the United Kingdom. Intensive care medicine, 31(6), 823–831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2644-y

Yazigi, A., Riachi, M., & Dabbar, G. (2005). Withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in a Lebanese intensive care unit: a prospective observational study. Intensive care medicine, 31(4), 562–567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2578-4