LEGAL STATUS AND CONSEQUENCES OF UNILATERAL DIVORCE: COMPARATIVE STUDIES BETWEEN EGYPT, JORDAN, TUNISIA AND INDONESIA

Muhammad Nasir; Yuni Roslaili; Suparwany; Rita Khathir; Aisyah Idris; M. Anzaikhan

doi:10.33102/mjsl.vol12no2.614

Authors

Muhammad Nasir Faculty of Sharia, The State Islamic University of Langsa, Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia
Yuni Roslaili Faculty of Sharia and Law, The State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5066-2822
Suparwany Faculty of Ushuluddin Adab and Da'wah (FUAD), The State Islamic University of Langsa, Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia
Rita Khathir Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-7724
Aisyah Idris Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, The State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
M. Anzaikhan Faculty of Sharia, The State Islamic University of Langsa, Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7091-5883

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no2.614

Keywords:

Unilaterally divorce, traditional family law, modern family law, court

Abstract

Unilateral divorce by the husband outside the court requires attention for the protection of affected women and children. This literature study was conducted to find out how the development of traditional family law implementation into modern family law in four countries, namely Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, and Indonesia. This article is classified as literature research with a qualitative approach. The methodology used is normative and comparative legal studies. The results of this study showed that there are differences in laws and regulations in the Islamic family law environment in those countries. Divorce that is imposed by the husband is unilaterally recognized as valid in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia, while in Indonesia the wife can appeal or cassation against the divorce. Egypt and Tunisia impose criminal sanctions on husbands who do not meet the obligation to pay their living and home to their ex-wives, while Indonesia and Jordan do not impose any criminal sanctions. Criminal sanctions imposed in Egypt and Tunisia are the payment of a certain number of fines or confinement during a certain time. However, divorce proceedings without reporting to relevant officials in Jordan can be charged with criminal law. Therefore, the best implementation of family law related to unilateral divorce is in Tunisia. The scholarly contribution of this research to family law globally is that it offers the most ideal concept in protecting the often neglected rights of wives and children.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abu Bakr, T. (2002). Kifayatul ahyar fi halli ghayatil ikhtrishar (No. 1). Semarang: Putera Semarang.

Ahmad, F. (2003). Understanding the Islamic law of divorce. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 45(3/4), 484-508.

Ali, A. I. I. (1995). Al-Muhadzzab fi Fiqhi Imam As-Syafii. Beirut: Daar Al-Kutub.

Al-Jaziri, A. A. (1996). Kitab al-Fiqh ‘Ala Mazahib al-Arba’ah (No. 1). Beirut: Daarul Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyah.

Al-Tkhayneh, K. M., & Nser, K. K. (2019). Emirati women’s perceptions of polygamy according to age, employment, and educational level. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(5), 911-916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.75117

Anggraeni, R. D., & Gofar, M. A. (2019). Perspektif kawin kontrak dalam hukum nasional dan hukum Islam beserta akibat hukun yang ditimbulkannya. Mizan: Journal of Islamic Law, 3(2), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.32507/mizan.v3i2.491

Athief, F. H. N., & Juwanti, R. H. (2020). Court decisions on post-divorce children’s livelihood: Islamic law analysis on their practices in Indonesia and Malaysia. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 20(2), 151–173. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v20i2.151-173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v20i2.151-173

Azis, A. (2023). Iddah for husbands: A political analysis of Islamic family law. Al-Qadha: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan, 10(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.32505/qadha.v10i1.5905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32505/qadha.v10i1.5905

Bunyamin, M. (2019). Pembaruan undang-undang perkawinan Yordania dan relevansinya terhadap pengembangan hukum perkawinan Islam modern. ASAS; Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 11(2), 51–76. https://doi.org/10.24042/asas.v11i2.5597

Charrad, M. M. (2012). Family law reforms in the Arab world: Tunisia and Morocco. Good Practices in Family Policy Making: Family Policy Development, Monitoring and Implementation: Lessons Learnt (pp. 1–12). New York: Report for the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) Division for Social Policy and Development Expert Group Meeting.

Devy, S., Bahri, S., Ariga, S., Ahmad, M. A., Budiman, M. B., & Wahyuni, Y. S. (2021). The role of witness as evidence in divorce cases at the Banda Aceh Syar’iyah Court. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 5(2), 579–597. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i2.10879 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i2.10879

Fadhilah, F. (2021). Dispensasi kawin di Mahkamah Syariyah pasca lahirnya Perma No 5 Tahun 2019. Shibghah: Journal of Muslim Societies, 3(1), 64–83.

Fahriyanti, N. (2023). The legal protection of children’s rights due to parental divorce in Islamic family law in predominantly Muslim countries. Jurnal Akta, 10(1), 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v10i1.29822

Faisal, F., Isnaeni, A., Bahrudin, M., & Nasruddin, N. (2021). Marriage contract through visualization of online video call communication media according to marriage law and Islamic law in Indonesia. SMART: Journal of Sharia, Tradition, and Modernity, 1(1), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.24042/smart.v1i1.9847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24042/smart.v1i1.9847

Fathullah, A., & Abduh, M. (2022). The relationship of children and their biological father: Comparative study of positive law of Indonesia, Thailand and Jordan. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 22(2), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v22i2.8918

Hamim, A., & Faisal, A. (2022). Perbandingan penerapan hukum keluarga di Mesir dan di Indonesia. AS-SYAMS, 3(2), 118–128. https://ejournal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/AS-SYAMS/article/view/312

Hariati, S. (2023). Analisis Hukum Penyebab Terjadinya Perceraian Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (Studi Di Pengadilan Agama Giri Menang, Lombok Barat). Jurnal Kompilasi Hukum, 8(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.29303/jkh.v8i1.127

Hasbi, R., & Hasbi, S. (2016). The legality of divorce in the perspective of Hadith. Jurnal Ushuluddin, 24(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.24014/jush.v24i1.1526 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24014/jush.v24i1.1526

Islam, A. A. H. (2017). Kawin kontrak dalam perspektif tafsir Al-Mizan dan tafsir Al-Dur Al-Manthur. Jurnal Al-Fath, 11(1), 71–101. https://doi.org/10.32678/alfath.v11i1.883

Kasim, N. M., & Semiaji, T. (2022). Divorce cases in members of Indonesian police force: A positive law perspective. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 20(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v20i1.1793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v20i1.1793

Komarudin, K. (2019). Hukum keluarga di Tunisia dan Indonesia. Kordinat: Jurnal Komunikasi Antar Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam, 18(1), 194–225. https://doi.org/10.15408/kordinat.v18i1.11481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/kordinat.v18i1.11481

Kusmayanti, H., Fakhriah, E. L., & Nugroho, B. D. (2021). The settlement of disputes regarding division of joint property after a divorce in the Central Aceh Regency. Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 21(2), 170–182. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v21i2.6599 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v21i2.6599

Limbong, P. H., Siregar, S. A., & Yasid, M. (2023). Pengaturan hukum dalam pembagian harta Bersama perkawinan menurut hukum perdata yang berlaku saat ini di Indonesia. Jurnal Retentum, 5(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.46930/retentum.v5i2.1346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46930/retentum.v5i2.1346

Livermore, M. A., Barr, A. E., Cooke, R. T., Phelps, E. S., & June, J. (1890). Women’s views of divorce. The North American Review, 150(398), 110–135. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25101927

Ma’u, D. H., Wagiyem, W., & Rahayu, R. M. (2023). The construction of cerai manis (preferred divorce) on the border of Indonesia and Malaysia communities. Al-’Adalah, 20(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.16518 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.16518

Mamnuniyatilah, M., & Andaryuni, L. (2022). Hukum keluarga di Tunisia: Sebuah studi kepustakaan. Jurnal Tana Mana, 3(2), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.33648/jtm.v3i2.321

Mistiar, W. (2022). Gagasan pemikiran pengaturan hukuman cambuk bagi pelaku nikah sirri dalam rancangan qanun Provinsi Aceh. Humantech: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, 2(3), 610–616. https://doi.org/10.32670/ht.v2i3.1483

Mu’in, F., & Hendriyadi, H. (2020). Analisis perbandingan batas usia perkawinan di Mesir dan Indonesia. El-Izdiwaj: Indonesian Journal of Civil and Islamic Family Law, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.24042/el-izdiwaj.v1i1.7086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24042/el-izdiwaj.v1i1.7086

Muhajir, M. (2021). Reformasi hukum keluarga Islam Tunisia pasca Arab Spring: Antara liberalism dan konservatisme. Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 14(1), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2021.14103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2021.14103

Nur, M., Jauhari, I., & Yahya, A. (2019). Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban perceraian di luar pengadilan (Suatu penelitian di Kota Langsa Provinsi Aceh). Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 19(4), 563–572. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2019.V19.563-572 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2019.V19.563-572

Nurhadi, N. (2019). Perceraian di bawah tangan perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum Indonesia. Al-Mawarid Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum (JSYH), 1(2), 179–201. https://doi.org/10.20885/mawarid.vol1.iss2.art5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/mawarid.vol1.iss2.art5

Nurlaelawati, E. (2020). Expansive legal interpretation and Muslim judges’ approach to polygamy in Indonesia. Hawwa, 18(2–3), 295–324. https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341380 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341380

Nuroniyah, W. (2020). Cerai Lebe sebagai inisiatif lokal dalam upaya meminimalisir praktek perceraian liar (Studi kasus di Desa Cangkring Kabupaten Indramayu). Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 14(1), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v14i1.3739 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v14i1.3739

Sukur, M., & Shobahah, N. (2021). Syiqaq sebagai alasan perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Tulungagung. Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 9(1), 175–192. https://doi.org/10.21274/ahkam.2021.9.1.175-192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21274/ahkam.2021.9.1.175-192

Ulumuddin, T., Habibi, M., & Riyanton, R. (2021). Kesesuaian fiqih talak syi’ah imamiyyah dengan aturan perkawinan di Indonesia. Asy-Syari’ah, 23(2), 245-260. https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v23i2.12109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v23i2.12109

Wan Ismail, W. A. F., Hashim, H., Mamat, Z., Abdul Mutalib, L., Baharuddin, A. S., & Jusof, N. (2021). Sumpah nafy al-’ilmi menurut undang-undang keterangan Islam di Malaysia: Nafy al-‘ilmi oath according to Islamic Law of Evidence in Malaysia. AL-MAQASID: The International Journal of Maqasid Studies and Advanced Islamic Research, 2(2), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.55265/almaqasid.v2i2.11

Wati, E. D., Wahib, M., Faisal, & Harahap, A. A. (2023). Dimensi fikih moderat dalam putusan hakim atas perceraian yang disebabkan penyalahgunaan aplikasi karaoke online: Jurisprudensi. Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundangan-Undangan Dan Ekonomi Islam, 15(1), 182–194. https://doi.org/10.32505/jurisprudensi.v15i1.5613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32505/jurisprudensi.v15i1.5613

Yusuf, A. I. I. (1995). Al-Muhadzzab Fi Fiqhi Imam As-Syafii. Beirut: Daar Al-Kutub.

Zayyadi, A. (2023). Kontribusi Turki dan Mesir terhadap sejarah pembaruan hukum keluarga Islam di Indonesia. Al-Manhaj: Journal of Indonesian Islamic Family Law, 2(1), 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/al-manhaj.v2i1.3115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19105/al-manhaj.v2i1.3115