أسلوب التعامل مع الخلافات الفقهية: مراجعة كتاب الموافقات للإمام الشاطبي. دار الكتب العلمية، ٢٠٠٥، ٥٨٠ صفحة، ISBN: ٢-٧٤٥١-١٥٣٠-٨، (غلاف صلب): THE APPROACH TO DEALING WITH JURISPRUDENTIAL DISAGREEMENTS: A REVIEW OF THE BOOK AL-MUWĀFAQĀT BY IMAM AL-SHĀṬIBĪ. DAR AL-KUTUB AL-ILMIYYAH, 2005, 580 PP., ISBN: 2-7451-1530-8, (HARD COVER)

Muhammad Najib Abdullah; Muhammad Nazir Alias; Syaryanti Hussin; Ibrahim Zakariyya Moosa

doi:10.33102/mjsl.vol12no3.784

Authors

Muhammad Najib Abdullah Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-2702
Muhammad Nazir Alias Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-3692
Syaryanti Hussin Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-5103
Ibrahim Zakariyya Moosa Shariah Committee Maldives Islamic Bank 20097, Medhuziyaarai Magu Malé City, Maldives

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no3.784

Keywords:

Murā’āt al-khilāf, ādāb al-khilāf, qawācid al-kulliyyah, ijtihād, maqāṣid al-sharīcah

Abstract

The manifestations of differences in Islamic jurisprudential branches have been evident since the early Islamic period, emerging in the ijtihād (independent reasoning) of the Companions after the Prophet's (PBUH) death and continuing in subsequent eras. Initially, ijtihād was not a cause of conflict and division, but a means to define concepts that lead to the truth. However, over time the differences devolved into sectarian fanaticism and blind adherence to opinions, leading to discord within the Muslim community. This study examines the efforts of Imam al-Shātibī in reconciling the viewpoints of jurists and legal theorists on issues amenable to convergence and unity, and his proposed approach to dealing with madhhab (school of thought) differences, through an analysis of his seminal work "al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharī^cah". This study employs an inductive-analytical approach, tracing and analyzing the relevant content in al-Shātibī's al-Muwāfaqāt, as well as a comparative method to contrast Imam al-Shatibi's views with those of others, in order to highlight his contributions and limitations, and validate the findings. The study concludes that Imam al-Shatibi's efforts in this regard were focused on affirming the principle of "consideration of disagreement" (murā^cāt al-khilāf). This work is found to be beneficial and deserving of further scholarly attention to address the reprehensible differences in the Muslim world. Finally, this research provides a valuable contribution to the international scholarship on Islamic jurisprudence and legal theory, by shedding light on a critical and timely issue of sectarian divisions, and highlighting the constructive approach proposed by a prominent Islamic scholar, Imam al-Shatibi, to address this challenge.

الملخص

في الحقيقة أنَّ مظاهر الخلافات في الفروع الفقهيَّة قد ظهرت بوضوح منذ بداية العهد الأوَّل، وتبيّن ذلك في اجتهادات الصَّحابة بعد وفاة النبي -صلّى الله عليه وسلّم-، ثمّ ما تلاه من العصور. وفي بداية الأمر، لم يكن حدوث الاجتهاد سببًا في النِّزاع والفرقة، ولكن كان وسيلة إلى تحديد مفاهيم الأشياء، بل للوصول إلى الحقِّ. ولكن بمرور الزمن تحوّل الخلاف إلى التَّعصب المذهبي وقبول الرَّأي بلا حجة ممَّا أدَّى إلى النِّزاع بين الأمَّة. هذه الدِّراسة عن جهود الإمام الشَّاطبي – رحمة الله عليه - في تقريب وجهة نظر الفقهاء والأصوليين في المسائل التي تقبل التَّقارب والاتِّحاد، ومحاولة الإتيان بأسلوب التعامل مع الخلافات المذهبية، وذلك عبر قراءة كتابه النَّفيس "الموافقات في أصول الشَّريعة"، حيث تميَّزت طريقة الشَّاطبي الأصوليَّة في معالجة هذا الموضوع من خلال اقتراح قواعد مقاصدية في ذلك. واعتمدت الدِّراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي والتَّحليلي، وذلك بتتبُّع ما أورده الإمام الشاطبي في كتابه الموافقات وجمع المعلومات ذات العلاقة بالموضوع وتحليلها، كما استخدمت المنهج المقارن لمقارنة آراء الإمام بغيره، لإبراز ما للإمام وما عليه، وللتأكُّد من سلامة نتائج التَّنـزيل والتَّطبيق. وتوصّلت الدِّراسة إلى أنَّ جهود الإمام الشَّاطبي في هذا الصّدد منصبة على تأكيد الإمام قاعدة مراعاة الخلاف. وأخيرًا خلُصت الدِّراسة إلى أنَّ هذا العمل نافع وينبغي أن توجه تجاهه أقلام العلماء والباحثين للقضاء على الاختلاف المذموم في العالم الإسلامي.

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