WASA’IL ITHBAT DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG KETERANGAN ISLAM: ANALISIS PERUNDANGAN TERHADAP KEABSAHAN DOKUMEN ELEKTRONIK DI MAHKAMAH SYARIAH MALAYSIA: MEANS OF PROOF IN ISLAMIC LAW OF EVIDENCE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE ADMISSIBILITY OF ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS IN MALAYSIAN SYARIAH COURTS

Mohamad Aniq Aiman Alias; Wan Abdul Fattah Wan Ismail; Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin; Muzaffar Syah Mallow

doi:10.33102/mjsl.vol12no3.792

Authors

Mohamad Aniq Aiman Alias Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia / Centre of Research for Fiqh Forensics and Judiciary (CFORSJ), Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8417-7152
Wan Abdul Fattah Wan Ismail Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia / Centre of Research for Fiqh Forensics and Judiciary (CFORSJ), Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia / Centre of Research for Fiqh Forensics and Judiciary (CFORSJ), Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia / International Advisory Board Member, Mejellat Al-Afaq wa Al-Maarif (JSKP), Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Sciences and Civilization, University Amar Telidji of Laghouat, BP 37G, Road of Ghardaia, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria / Associate Editor, Journal of Contemporary Maqasid Studies, Maqasid Institute, United States of America (USA) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-2922
Muzaffar Syah Mallow Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9987-4469

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no3.792

Keywords:

Dokumen elektronik, keterangan, wasa'il ithbat, Mahkamah Syariah, Undang-Undang Keterangan Islam, keabsahan, electronic documents, evidence, Syariah court, Islamic law of evidence, validity

Abstract

In recent years, electronic documents have gained significant attention in legal proceedings, especially with the emergence of modern technology extensively utilized across various segments of society. Their convenient and rapid accessibility via electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, or tablets enables interested parties to obtain necessary information with ease. In Syariah courts, electronic documents serve as crucial evidence in either establishing an individual’s guilt or exonerating the innocent. Nonetheless, questions arise regarding the admissibility of such evidence under Syariah law in Malaysia and its function in trial proceedings. Therefore, this article aims to clarify the position of electronic document evidence in Malaysian Islamic evidence law by examining the concept of electronic documents as wasa’il ithbat, the relevant Islamic legal justifications (holy Quran, hadith and qawāʿid fiqhiyyah), and the statutory provisions applicable within the context of Islamic law of evidence in Malaysia. Several cases from Malaysian Syariah courts are analyzed to assess the validity of electronic evidence. The study further identifies challenges faced by Syariah legal practitioners and proposes measures to enhance the management of electronic evidence in the future. A qualitative method involving document analysis of both primary and secondary data was adopted to achieve the research objectives. Findings indicate that Malaysian Syariah courts do accept electronic documents as evidence in line with existing legal provisions and Islamic jurisprudence; however, issues concerning authenticity and reliability warrant closer attention. Accordingly, comprehensive guidelines, technological training for judges and court officers, and comparative studies with civil courts are recommended to reinforce the integrity and efficiency of electronic evidence management going forward.

Abstrak

Sejak akhir-akhir ini, dokumen dalam bentuk elektronik semakin mendapat perhatian dalam proses perundangan, khususnya dengan kemunculan teknologi moden yang digunakan secara meluas oleh setiap lapisan masyarakat. Aksesnya yang mudah dan pantas melalui peranti elektronik seperti komputer, telefon pintar, atau tablet memudahkan pihak berkaitan memperoleh maklumat yang diperlukan. Di Mahkamah Syariah, dokumen elektronik berperanan sebagai hujah penting sama ada untuk membuktikan kesalahan seseorang ataupun membebaskan individu yang tidak bersalah. Walau bagaimanapun, timbul persoalan mengenai penerimaan bentuk keterangan sebegini dalam undang-undang Syariah di Malaysia dan bagaimana ia berfungsi dalam prosiding perbicaraan. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kedudukan keterangan dokumen elektronik dalam undang-undang keterangan Islam di Malaysia dengan memahami konsep dokumen elektronik sebagai wasa’il ithbat, dalil pensyariatannya, serta peruntukan undang-undang yang berkaitan dalam konteks undang-undang keterangan Islam di Malaysia. Beberapa kes di Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia juga turut dianalisis untuk menilai keabsahan bukti secara elektronik. Kajian ini juga mengenal pasti cabaran yang dihadapi oleh pengamal undang-undang Syariah dan seterusnya mencadangkan langkah penambahbaikan bagi memantapkan pengurusan keterangan elektronik pada masa akan datang. Pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen terhadap data primer dan sekunder digunakan bagi mencapai objektif kajian ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia menerima dokumen elektronik sebagai keterangan selaras dengan peruntukan undang-undang sedia ada dan dalil syarak, namun isu berkaitan ketulenan dan kebolehpercayaan memerlukan perhatian khusus. Justeru, garis panduan terperinci, latihan teknologi kepada hakim dan pegawai mahkamah, serta kajian perbandingan dengan mahkamah sivil dicadangkan bagi meningkatkan integriti dan kecekapan pengurusan keterangan elektronik pada masa akan datang.

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